Written by: Ani Tatoyan Since the 1990s, the Republic of Azerbaijan has been deliberately engaging in the falsification of historical facts by, in particular, distorting the history of the Republic of Artsakh (also referred to as Nagorno-Karabakh). Azerbaijan’s processes of falsifying historical facts, creating new historical realities, and presenting it the international community is carried...

Written by: Sharmagh Mardi Introduction The doctrine of command responsibility under international humanitarian law (“IHL”) provides that commanders and other superiors shall be held criminally responsible for war crimes committed by their subordinates pursuant to their orders[1] or if they fail to prevent, repress or report such crimes[2]. The rules of command responsibility (152[3], 153[4])...

Written by: Maria Gevorgyan Incendiary weapons produce heat and fire as a result of the chemical reaction of the combustible substance. They cause excruciating burns, sometimes to the bone, and can cause respiratory damage, infection, shock, and organ failure. Over time, contractures—constant tension in muscles and other tissues—prevent mobility, while the trauma of the initial...

Written by: Izabella Khachatryan INTRODUCTION The death toll of armed conflicts corroborates their immensely destructive consequences. The statistics gained depict losses by all types of wars and allow us to predict the violent propensity of modern warfare.[1] The sophisticated modifications and adaptions of new tools in modern armed conflicts raise complex issues and signal a...

Written by: Anahit Muradyan On September 27, 2020, Azerbaijan, with Turkey’s active support, launched a military attack against the Republic of Artsakh (also referred to as Nagorno-Karbakh). According to several studies, investigations, reports provided by international human rights organizations, statements of foreign governments, and international media, the presence of mercenaries in Azerbaijan and Artsakh conflict...